Internet Routing and Sharing
Nowadays, we see the need for greater knowledge in information sharing, especially when talking about sharing a single internet for several computers. Many people have asked me how to do it, and I really feel committed to explaining how easy it is to do this.
If you use an internet system via DSL, that is, Speedy, Velox, Vírtua, Ajato, among others, you have several options. The "modem" that comes with the plan, for you to have access, in reality it is a router, that is, it is a NAT device that is already prepared to provide internet to thousands of computers, efficiently, with traffic control and band.
Typically, many people use applications provided by operators to access the internet, which makes a direct link to the router's configuration, making it connect to the internet. You can make this method automatic as soon as you turn on your router, that is, when you turn it on, it will flash the DSL, Ethernet and Internet lights, all of which will be accessible. When you enter your computer, it is automatically on the internet, without connecting.
For this, you have to access your router's settings, if you don't know, you need to read the manual (if you don't, you can find it quickly on the internet).
One of the things, not included in many manuals, is the IP address, which is often changed by operators, but it is simple. Connected to the internet, in the traditional way, as you have always done, go to Start> Control Panel> Network Connections> Double click on the broadband connection used> Search for the Gateway address.
In your preferred browser (in my case, Firefox, of course), type the Gateway's IP address, always followed by http.
Ex: http://192.168.255.255/
* IP: 192.168.255.255 being any number.
At startup, you will ask for the password, look in the manual, but normally, for many, from the factory, the user name is “admin” and the password is “admin”. For others, it is very similar to linux, with a “root” user and a “root” password.
If you are not successful with these passwords, look in the manual for the factory default password, failing that, you will have to perform a “reset” on your router. Everything has been explained in your manual, and it varies for each router. A Dlink 500G has a very small entry on the back and it says “RESET”. Just press the button 4 times. (which is inside, with paper clips, you can do this).
Upon entering the router, you are able to register a PPP_oE connection (standard connection used via DSL) with the user name and password. Then, just turn the router off and on again, and test if it is connecting automatically.
When registering, ask for some entries as an example these:
ATM Interface
Here you have to place the named DSL network interface on your router. There are routers that name this entry with strange names, or simply as "0" (Zero). In linux, network connections are called eth0, or eth1, and in routers, they can be similar, or like some I've seen, like dsl0 or br0.
Operation Mode: Enabled
Makes the connection active when initializing the router. When connecting, the internet connection must be activated automatically, with the internet available to all network devices.
Encapsulation Mode = "PPPoE LLC" or simply "PPPoE"
It identifies that the registered settings for this connection, it is a connection with this parameter of traffic of information on the ADSL network.
VPI / VCI = Virtual Path Identifier and Virtual Circulator Identifier (Virtual Channel Identifier).
It is necessary to identify these two parameters, because without them, you have no access at all to the ATM network channel, over ADSL, preventing connection to the server, and with your internet provider.
Some standard parameters of most broadband operators today:
Brasil Telecom: VPI = 0 (zero), VCI = 35.
Brasil Telecom RS: VPI = 1, VCI = 32.
CTBC: VPI = 0 (zero), VCI = 35.
GVT: VPI = 0 (zero), VCI = 35.
Telephone (Speedy): VPI = 8, VCI = 35.
Telemar (Velox): VPI = 0 (zero), VCI = 33.
Bridge Mode
A Bridge, interconnects two different networks, without modifications. Brigde mode, makes your router simply a peripheral that transmits data, without having IP addresses, that is, it makes the PPPoE network pass directly to your computer, without being handled by the router, and the connection made is completely transparent.
However, as we want to do the sharing, we must leave this option as disabled, since the routing mode is much more intelligent and assigns IP addresses, forming a local network in your Lan House or in your home, being able to share the internet to countless computers at once.
The router has the IP address of the local network, and the IP address of the internet, receiving the packets, and directing them to their respective destination (your computer, or suddenly, some network printer, which is updating your software) .
ICMP: Disabled / Enabled
Have you ever used the PING command in the Command Prompt? Do you know who answers the packages? It is the ICMP protocol that responds to all Pings made. If you do not want your router to be answering pings that others make to your IP address, leave it disabled. Any external connection will not be able to make your router respond to PING, but you, from your computer, on your local network, can usually make your router respond to PING, because for sharing, these ports must be open.
IP Address
Choose an IP address for this connection, making it the IP address where you will have a DHCP server on your computer. The IP address ranges for local area networks are:
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10/8 prefix)172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (172.16 / 12 prefix)192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (192.168 / 16 prefix)
Using ip addresses in any of these 3 ranges, you can have your local network. Normally, by default, Windows NT (NT, 2000, XP, Vista, Seven, and others) automatically detect the router's DHCP server by address 192.168.0.1, that is, the best local network would then consist of computers with IP addresses starting with 192.168.0. *, where you can have less work to configure, if there are countless machines, since via DHCP, you configure and all machines automatically receive IP addresses, gateway, dns, etc.
Subnet Mask
If you use the recommended range as 192.168.0.1, the mask is 255.255.255.0.
Use DHCP: Enable
Here, you activate the router's mode to automatically assign IP addresses on the network, as well as the addresses of DNS servers, Gateway, Wins (if any), automatically.
Default Route: Enabled
Defines by default the routing mode for the local connection.
Gateway IP Address
Defines the IP address of the Network Gateway, which will be your router. You can put the same as the IP Address, or different, like 192.168.0.2.
* * * PPP * * *
Username: [email protected]
Password: password
Use DNS: Enable
The latter, you put the DNS servers for your internet connection. The DNS server is simply a server that identifies the destination's IP address, the website you enter. Example: “www.google.com” = “72.14.205.104 ″.
The operator provides DNS addresses automatically, but you can configure one in particular, which you want to use.
Primary DNS Server
Choose any IP address that is a DNS server.
Secondary DNS Server
Choose any IP address, different from the first, or leave it blank.
Standard DNS addresses (There are servers that respond only within the proprietary network) .
- Public Access -
OpenDNS.com: 208.67.220.220, 208.67.222.222.
Optiglobe: 200.185.6.131, 200.185.6.163.
- Owners -
Ajato: 200.162.192.5, 200.162.192.3.
Brasiltelecom: 200.199.252.68, 200.199.241.17, 200.203.0.83, 200.203.0.84.
EMBRATEL: 200.255.122.6, 200.255.253.238, 200.255.253.241, 200.245.255.033, 200.255.125.211, 200.245.255.65.
FPSP.FAPESP.BR: 143.108.025.103.
IG: 200.225.157.104, 200.225.157.105.
JSOL: 200.196.94.146, 200.196.94.149.
Matrix: 200.202.7.1, 200.202.17.1.
Netbank: 200,203,199.2, 200,203,199.3.
Netpar: 200.255.244.1, 200.255.244.3.
Onda - PR: 200.195.192.130, 200.195.192.10, 200.195.192.10, 200.195.192.8.
SENFFNET / PARATI.COM: 200.196.91.250, 200.196.91.210.
SOFTALL: 200.198.100.6, 200.198.100.3.
SOUTH BBS: 200.219.150.4, 200.219.150.5.
Telemar: 200.222.0.34, 200.223.0.35, 200.222.0.35, 200.223.0.84, 200.193.136.60, 200.199.241.17.
Earth: 200.177.2.10, 200.176.254.10.
Unicamp: 143.106.2.5, 143.106.51.37.
USP: 143.107.253.3.
Virtue: 200.245.127.130, 200.212.223.043, 200.212.223.044.
FLY: 200.173.112.4.
Way Internet: 200.150.4.4, 200.150.4.5, 200.150.13.244, 200.150.13.243.
ZAZ: 200.246.248.10, 200.248.149.1.
You can use a primary from one company, and the secondary from another company can usually invert them, however, it is better to use the one that responds faster, so that your browser can quickly capture IP addresses.
The best recommended, which currently responds faster and is very secure, not allowing access to sites identified as fake, is OpenDNS.com , recognized worldwide by several sectors as one of the best and fastest.
No comments